Imirasire y'izuba ireremba: Inyungu, Ibice by'ingenzi, n'ibibazo

Amahame y'amashanyarazi inyuma yizuba rireremba asa nay'ubutaka bwashyizwe hejuru kandi hejuru yinzu. Ikiranga umwihariko nuburyo bwimurwa bureremba, bushobora gushyirwaho mumazi adakoreshwa mumazi manini. Iyi ngingo izaganira ku byiza n'ibibi by'izuba rireremba, hamwe n'andi makuru y'ingirakamaro.

Imirasire y'izuba ni iki?

Imirasire y'izuba, izwi kandi nka sisitemu yo kureremba (FPV), yerekeza ku mirasire y'izuba ishyirwa hejuru y'amazi. Imirasire y'izuba yashyizwe neza ku mbuga zireremba, zishobora kunyeganyega gato ariko ntizigire ingaruka ku mikorere ya sisitemu ihamye. Ubusanzwe, imirasire y'izuba ireremba ishyirwa ku byuzi, ibiyaga, n'ibigega, kubera ko muri rusange aho usanga umuyaga muke ugereranije n'inyanja ifunguye.

Kureremba izuba ni uburyo bwo kubyaza ingufu ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije bihuza ikoranabuhanga ry’amazi n’amashanyarazi. Amashanyarazi atangwa niyi ntera ireremba anyuzwa mumigozi yo mumazi muminara yagenewe amashanyarazi.

Ibyingenzi byingenzi bigize izuba rireremba

Bisa nibikoreshwa muri sisitemu yubatswe hasi cyangwa hejuru yinzu, utwo tubaho dufata urumuri rwizuba hanyuma tugahindura amashanyarazi. Ibikoresho byinshi birashobora gukoreshwa kugirango ingufu zivemo umwanya muto.

Ibikoresho bireremba mubusanzwe bikozwe mubikoresho biramba, byuzuye cyane nka HDPE (polyethylene yuzuye) kugirango barebe ko imirasire y'izuba ikomeza kuba hejuru. Ikadiri ya aluminiyumu irashobora kandi kongerwamo imbaraga kugirango iteze imbere kandi itange uburyo bukomeye bwo kwishyiriraho imirasire yizuba.

Sisitemu ya ankoring ifata neza ikibuga kireremba ahantu, ikirinda gutembera kubera umuyaga cyangwa amazi. Ibi byemeza ko izuba rihagaze neza. Intsinga ya ankoring irashobora gukorwa muri fibre synthique, insinga z'ibyuma, cyangwa iminyururu, bitewe n'uburebure n'imiterere y'umubiri w'amazi.

Amashanyarazi ya DC (ataziguye) akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba agomba guhinduka muri AC (guhinduranya amashanyarazi) kugirango akoreshwe mumashanyarazi. Inverter ikora iri hinduka ryingenzi, ryemeza ingufu zasohotse kugirango zikoreshwe na gride cyangwa kurubuga.

Intsinga zidasanzwe zidafite amazi hamwe nuhuza biramba bikoreshwa mugucunga amashanyarazi muri sisitemu. Izo nsinga zihuza imirasire y'izuba hamwe no kohereza amashanyarazi yabyaye kuri inverter na gride ihuza ubutaka, bigatuma ihererekanyabubasha ryizewe kandi neza.

Ibyiza by'izuba rireremba

Izuba rireremba rikoresha neza umwanya, cyane cyane ahantu ubutaka ari buke cyangwa buhenze cyane. Sisitemu yo kureremba irashobora gushyirwaho mumazi adakoreshwa nk'ibigega, ingomero, n'ibiyaga, bikagabanya gukenera ubutaka cyangwa ahantu nyaburanga nyaburanga ku mashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba. Iyi ninyungu igaragara kuko ituma amashanyarazi adatwara ubutaka bwagaciro, bushobora gukoreshwa mubindi bikorwa.

Umubano wa symbiotic hagati yamazi nizuba bifasha kongera izuba. Ingaruka yo gukonjesha amazi ifasha kugumisha imirasire yizuba mubushyuhe buke bwo gukora, kugabanya ibibazo byubushyuhe. Iri tegeko ry’ubushyuhe rishobora kongera imikorere yizuba ryizuba kugera kuri 15%, biganisha kumusaruro mwinshi kandi ukunguka neza mubushoramari.

Amazi y’amazi afite imiterere-karemano yerekana, yongerera imbaraga albedo no kongera imikorere yizuba rireremba. Imirasire y'izuba igaragara hejuru y'amazi yongera fotone nyinshi kumirasire y'izuba, byongera urumuri rushobora guhinduka amashanyarazi. Iyi mikoranire yingirakamaro yongerera ingufu ingufu zose, bigatuma izuba rireremba igisubizo cyiza cyo gukoresha ingufu zituruka kumirasire y'izuba.

Imirasire y'izuba ireremba ifasha kugabanya guhumeka kw'amazi, abungabunga umutungo w'amazi. Ibi bifite agaciro cyane cyane mukarere gakunze kwibasirwa n’amapfa n’igice cyumutse, aho ingaruka zo kugicucu cyibikoresho bireremba bishobora kugabanya cyane gutakaza amazi. Byongeye kandi, muguhagarika urumuri rwizuba, sisitemu ireremba ifasha kugenzura imikurire yimisozi yangiza, kuzamura ubwiza bwamazi.

Ugereranije nizuba ryubatswe nizuba, sisitemu yizuba ireremba ikunda kubahenze cyane. Kubera ko bidakenewe kugura ubutaka cyangwa gutegura ibibanza binini, sisitemu irashobora kuba iyubukungu gushiraho. Byongeye kandi, imirasire y'izuba ireremba hafi y’amashanyarazi asanzwe cyangwa ibikoresho byo gutunganya amazi birashobora kuzigama amafaranga y’ibikorwa remezo no kohereza.

Ubushakashatsi bwambere bwerekana ko izuba rireremba rifite ingaruka nke mubuzima bwamazi ugereranije nizindi nyubako zishingiye kumazi cyangwa mumazi. Igishushanyo mbonera hamwe nimirasire yizuba ireremba bituma habaho ihungabana rito kubibera mumazi, bigatera kubana neza nibinyabuzima byo mumazi.

Urashobora gutangirana na sisitemu ntoya izuba ireremba hanyuma ukayagura nkuko bikenewe. Imiterere ya modular ya platifike ireremba byoroshye guhindura no gupima sisitemu kugirango ihuze ubunini bwurubuga nubunini.

Ingaruka z'izuba rireremba

Ugereranije na sisitemu gakondo yubatswe nubutaka, izuba rireremba, hamwe na platifomu yabo, inanga, ninsinga, biraruhije kandi bifite ibiciro byimbere. Nyamara, isesengura ryibiciro ryerekana ko niba iterambere ryakozwe neza, ibiciro byose mubuzima bwa sisitemu bishobora kugereranywa cyangwa birenze gato sisitemu ishingiye kubutaka.

Imirasire y'izuba ikora mumishinga yicyitegererezo mumyaka irenga icumi, yerekana imikorere yizewe. Ariko, igihe kirekire cyigihe kirekire ntabwo cyemezwa neza. Harakenewe amakuru menshi kugirango wumve uburyo sisitemu zifata mumyaka mirongo myinshi yerekanwe, urebye ibintu nkimyambarire ijyanye nikirere, kwangirika kwimikorere mugihe, hamwe ningaruka zo kubungabunga.

Iri koranabuhanga ntirikoreshwa kuri bose. Imishinga myinshi ireremba izuba nini nini kandi yagenewe gutanga amashanyarazi mumasosiyete yubucuruzi cyangwa yingirakamaro. Kubantu kugiti cyabo cyangwa ibigo bito bakeneye ingufu zizuba, hejuru yinzu cyangwa sisitemu yubutaka ni amahitamo meza.

Kugeza ubu, imirasire y'izuba ireremba iri mu mazi y’amazi, harimo ibigega, ibidendezi bibika amazi, n’ibidendezi byo kuhira imyaka. Ibi bikoresho birashobora kandi kuboneka muri kariyeri, ahacukurwa amabuye y'agaciro, ku ngomero, no mu turere two ku nkombe. Mugihe ibinyabuzima byamazi bitanga amahirwe yiterambere ryizuba, ibigega byubukorikori bifite ibyiza byihariye. Ibyo bigega mubisanzwe bizana ibikorwa remezo n'inzira byabanjirije kubaho, bigatuma gushiraho no gufata neza imirasire y'izuba ireremba byoroshye kandi bikoresha amafaranga menshi.

Sisitemu yo Kureremba Yashyizwe Mubidukikije

Imirasire y'izuba ireremba isanzwe ihinduka yerekeza mubidukikije. Benshi mu mijyi minini ku isi iherereye ku nkombe z’inyanja kandi kuri ubu bafite ikibazo cy’ubwiyongere bukabije bw’abaturage, ibura ry’ubutaka, n’ingorane zo gukemura ibibazo by’ingufu ziyongera. Ibi byatumye abantu barushaho gushishikarira porogaramu zo mu nyanja zireremba amashanyarazi (FPV).

Tekinoroji ibereye ibidukikije byamazi meza ntabwo ikoreshwa muburyo bwimiterere yinyanja, birakenewe rero kwibanda mugutezimbere ibisubizo bikwiranye nibidukikije. Bumwe mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga bukenewe mu gukoresha sisitemu ireremba mu bihe byo mu nyanja ni ugukoresha ibikoresho byinshi kugira ngo uhangane n'umuyaga, imivumba, imbaraga z’amazi, hamwe n’imivumba iterwa n'ubwato. Kugeza ubu, imirasire y'izuba ireremba muri rusange ikoresha ponton nyinshi ya polyethylene (HDPE), ikwiranye n’ibigega by’amazi meza kandi ikarinda kwanduza amazi yo kunywa. Nyamara, kumazi yinyanja, ibikoresho bigomba no gutekereza ku ngaruka zamazi yumunyu kumara igihe kirekire.

Tekinoroji Yingenzi ya sisitemu yo kureremba hejuru

Ukurikije akarere, uburebure bwumuraba burashobora gutandukana, kandi kumena imivumba birashobora gutuma imiterere itwara imitwaro irenze urugero, kongera ibiciro byibikoresho, amakadiri yicyuma, hamwe ninsinga za ankore, hamwe nigiciro kinini cyo gukora. Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo, gishingiye ku bigereranyo bya hydrodynamic, imiraba ya metero 0.3 z'uburebure, hamwe n’umuyaga mwinshi n’umuvuduko w’umuyaga, irashobora gukoresha imbaraga zigera kuri 14 kN2 / Hz kuri sisitemu ireremba.

JM Solar Yatangije Umushinga wo Kureremba Sisitemu

Izuba rireremba rigenda ryerekeza kuri sisitemu yo kureremba ifotora (FPV) mubidukikije. Kugeza ubu, JM Solar, ku bufatanye n’ikigo cya 725 cy’Ubushinwa Shipbuilding Group, irimo guteza imbere "Umushinga wo kwerekana amashusho ya Offshore Floating Photovoltaic Application Demonstration Project," winjiye mu bizamini by’indege. Ubunararibonye buva mu mirasire y'izuba ireremba imbere butanga inzira yo kwaguka no kwimukira hafi yinkombe n’imiterere yinyanja. Kubwibyo, ubushakashatsi bwibikorwa bya tekiniki nibibazo byo gushushanya sisitemu ireremba kubidukikije byo mu nyanja bifite akamaro kanini, hamwe na porogaramu ya FPV yabanje kugeragezwa hafi yinkombe.