Iindidi zeeSeli zeSolar: Ifilimu encinci, i-Perovskite, i-Organic, i-Quantum Dot, i-Dye-Sensitized

Iiseli zeSolar eziThin-Film

Iiseli zelanga ezinefilim ezincinci zohluka kwiiseli zelanga esekwe kwisilicon ikakhulu ngenxa yosetyenziso lweeleya zefotovoltaic ezibhityileyo kakhulu. Ezi maleko ziqhelekile ukuba ziimicrometers ezimbalwa ubukhulu okanye zibhitye ngakumbi, kwaye zifakwe kwiisubstrates ezahlukeneyo, ezinjengeglasi, iplastiki, okanye intsimbi. Ngenxa yobume bazo obubhityileyo, ezi seli zinokwenziwa zibe bhetyebhetye, zizenze zilungele usetyenziso olufana neepaneli zelanga eziguquguqukayo okanye ezinye izinto ezintsha, ezifana nezixhobo ezinxitywayo zelanga okanye iimoto ezisebenza ngelanga.

Olunye uncedo oluphambili lweeseli zelanga zefilimu ecekethekileyo kukuba zinokwenziwa zicace okanye zibe nemibala eyahlukahlukeneyo, nto leyo ezenza zilungele ukwakha i-photovoltaics (BIPV) edibeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, zinokudityaniswa kwiifestile, uphahla, okanye iindonga, zisebenza njengezinto zombini zokwakha kunye nomthombo wamandla. Oku kubenza badume ngakumbi kwizakhiwo zanamhlanje eziluhlaza, apho iimfuno zobuhle kunye nokusebenza ziphezulu.

Nangona iiseli zesolar zefilimu ezincinci zineempembelelo ezisezantsi zokuguqulwa xa kuthelekiswa ne-multicrystalline okanye i-monocrystalline silicon iiseli zelanga, ukusebenza kwazo kuyaphucuka njengoko iteknoloji ihambela phambili. Ubuchwephesha obutsha obuncinci befilimu, njenge-copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS), yenze inkqubela phambili ebonakalayo ekusebenzeni nasekuzinzeni. Njengoko iindlela zokuvelisa ziphucuka, iiseli zelanga zelanga ezibhityileyo ziya kukhuphisana ngakumbi, ngakumbi kwiimarike ezingevani namaxabiso.

Iiseli zeSolar Perovskite

Iiseli zelanga ze-Perovskite zenziwe kwizinto ze-photovoltaic ezisekelwe kwisakhiwo se-perovskite. Kulo mongo, "i-perovskite" ayibhekiseli kwiminerali yendabuko (CaTiO₃), kodwa kwiklasi yezixhobo ezinesakhiwo esithile se-crystal. Izinto ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ze-perovskite ziyi-organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites, ngokuqhelekileyo kunye ne-chemical formula CH₃NH₃PbX₃, apho i-X ingaba yi-chlorine, i-bromine, okanye i-iodine.

Iiseli zelanga ze-Perovskite zinika inzuzo enkulu yeendleko ngenxa yenkqubo yabo yokuvelisa, esebenzisa iindlela ezisekelwe kwisisombululo esisezantsi. Xa kuthelekiswa neeseli zelanga ze-silicon zemveli, inkqubo yokuvelisa ilula, kwaye inokuthi iqhutywe kumaqondo okushisa aphantsi kakhulu, ukunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zemveliso. Oku kwenza iiseli zelanga ze-perovskite zibe ngumviwa onokubakho kwisizukulwana esilandelayo sobuchwephesha belanga obuphezulu.

Nangona kunjalo, iiseli zelanga ze-perovskite zijongene nemingeni ethile. Okokuqala, ezi seli zisenokonakala xa zisesichengeni sokufuma okuphezulu, ubushushu obuphezulu, okanye ukukhanya kwelanga ixesha elide, nto leyo enciphisa ukusebenza kwazo. Ukongezelela, izinto ze-perovskite zihlala ziqulethe i-lead, ephakamisa inkxalabo yendalo kunye nempilo. Abaphandi basebenzela ukufumana iindlela ezingcono zokusingqongileyo kunye nezizinzileyo kwizinto ze-perovskite ukujongana nale miba.

Iiseli zeSolar ze-Organic

Iiseli zelanga ze-Organic (ezikwabizwa ngokuba ziiseli ze-organic photovoltaic) zisebenzisa iimolekyuli ze-organic okanye iipolymers njengezinto ezibuthathaka kukukhanya. Ngokungafaniyo neeseli zelanga ze-silicon ezisekelwe kwi-silicon okanye iiseli ze-solar ezibhityileyo, umgaqo osebenzayo weeseli zelanga ze-organic usekelwe ekwahlukaneni kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwee-electron kunye nemingxuma kwizinto eziphilayo. Xa izinto ze-organic zisesichengeni sokukhanya, zifunxa iiphoton kwaye zibe nemincili, zenze imeko echulumancisayo eyahlukanayo ibe yi-electron kunye nemingxuma. Ezi electron kunye nemingxuma emva koko zihamba ziye kwii-electrodes ezichaphazelekayo phantsi kweempembelelo zentsimi yombane, ukuvelisa okwangoku.

Enye inzuzo yeeseli zelanga ze-organic kukuba inkqubo yabo yokuvelisa ilula kwaye ibiza kakhulu. Ngokungafaniyo neeseli ezisekelwe kwi-silicon, iiseli ze-solar ze-organic zingenziwa nge-coating yesisombululo, ukutshiza, okanye ukuprinta, okugcina izixhobo kunye nokuvumela imveliso enkulu. Ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwezinto eziphilayo, ezi seli zinokwenziwa kwiifom ezikhaphukhaphu kunye nezigobekileyo, ezifanelekileyo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo, njengezixhobo ezinxitywayo, iitshaja eziphathwayo zelanga, okanye ukudibanisa kwiifestile ezihlakaniphileyo.Imida yangoku kunye noPhuhliso lwexesha elizayo

Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa kweeseli ze-solar ze-organic ngokuqhelekileyo kuphantsi, kwaye ubomi babo bufutshane kunobu-silicon-based or thin-film-film solar cells. Nangona le mida, uphando oluqhubekayo lujolise ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuzinza kweeseli zelanga ze-organic, kwaye zingaba yiteknoloji ebalulekileyo yelanga kwixesha elizayo.

Iiseli zeSolar zeQuantum Dot

Iiseli zelanga zamachaphaza e-quantum zisebenzisa izixhobo ze-nanometer-scale semiconductor, ezaziwa njengamachaphaza e-quantum, ukuguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube ngumbane. Amachaphaza e-Quantum anokufunxa ukukhanya kumaza athile kwaye akhuphe ukukhanya, kwaye iipropathi zawo zamehlo zinokulungiswa ngokuhlengahlengisa ubungakanani bazo. Oku kuvumela iiseli ze-quantum dot solar ukuba zifunxe ukukhanya ngokukuko kwi-spectrum ebanzi, ziphucula ukusebenza kwazo kakuhle.

Olunye uncedo lweeseli ze-quantum dot solar kukuba iimpawu zabo zokufunxa ukukhanya zinokulungiswa kakuhle ngokutshintsha ubungakanani bamachaphaza e-quantum. Oku bhetyebhetye kuvumela ezi seli ukuba zibenakho ukufikelela kwimpumelelo ephezulu ngokunyusa ukufunxwa kokukhanya kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokukhanya kwelanga. Iiseli ze-quantum dot solar zinika ulawulo oluchanekileyo kwi-nanoscale, eyandisa ukukhanya kunye nokuguqulwa kombane.

Okwangoku, iiseli zelanga ze-quantum dot zijongene nemingeni ngokwemiqathango yokuzinza kunye neendleko zokuvelisa. Nangona kunjalo, ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji, ezi seli kulindeleke ukuba zibone usetyenziso olubanzi kwixesha elizayo. Ngokunikwa amandla abo aphezulu, iiseli zelanga ze-quantum dot zinokuba lukhuphisana olomeleleyo kwicandelo letekhnoloji ye-photovoltaic, ngakumbi ekusebenzeni okuphezulu kokuvuna amandla elanga kunye nokuguqulwa.

IiSeli zeSolar eziSenziswa idayi

Iiseli zelanga ze-Dye-sensitized solar (DSSCs) luhlobo lweeseli zelanga ezilinganisa inkqubo yephotosynthesis ukuvelisa amandla. Basebenzisa iimolekyuli zedayi njengee-sensitizers, ezithi, xa zifunxa ukukhanya, zivelise ii-electron ezithi zidluliselwe kwizinto ze-semiconductor, zivelise umsinga wombane. Ezi seli ziphawuleka ngokukwazi ukuvelisa umbane naphantsi kweemeko zokukhanya okuphantsi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zisebenze kwindawo enamafu okanye enelanga elincinane.

Nangona uguqulo loguqulo lweeseli zelanga ezenziwe ngedayi luphantsi kakhulu, ixabiso labo lokuvelisa liphantsi kakhulu, nto leyo ebenza babe nomtsalane kakhulu kwizicelo ezingavani neendleko. Ukongezelela, umbala wezi seli unokulungiswa ngokusekelwe kwidayi esetyenzisiweyo, ukunika ukhetho olungakumbi lobuhle. Oku kubenza bafaneleke kwi-photovoltaics yokwakha edibeneyo, apho ukubonakala kubalulekile kunye nokusebenza.

Owona mceli mngeni kwiiseli zelanga eziveliswe ngedayi kukusebenza kwazo okuphantsi kunye nobomi obufutshane. Nangona kunjalo, ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji eqhubekayo, abaphandi basebenza ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kunye nokuphila ixesha elide kwezi seli. Kwixesha elizayo, iiseli zelanga ezenziwe ngedayi zinokufumana i-niche kwizicelo zelanga ezibeka phambili ixabiso eliphantsi kunye noyilo oluguquguqukayo.