Amandla Elanga Antantayo: Izinzuzo, Izingxenye Eziyinhloko, Nezinselele

Izimiso zikagesi ezingemuva kwamandla elanga antantayo ziyefana nalezo zezinhlelo ezibekwe phansi naphezu kophahla. Isici esiyingqayizivele isakhiwo esintantayo esikhiphekayo, esingafakwa emanzini angasetshenziswa kancane ukuze kuphehlwe ugesi omkhulu. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngezinzuzo nezinkinga ze-solar ezintantayo, kanye nolunye ulwazi oluwusizo.

Iyini i-Floating Solar?

Ilanga elintantayo, elikwaziwa nangokuthi amasistimu we-photovoltaic (FPV) elintantayo, libhekisela kumaphaneli elanga abekwe phezu kwamanzi. Amaphaneli elanga agxunyekwe ngokuvikelekile ezisekelweni ezintantayo, ezingase zinyakaze kodwa zingathinti ukukhiqizwa kwamandla okuzinzile kwesistimu. Ngokuvamile, amasistimu elanga antantayo afakwa emachibini, emachibini, nasezindaweni zokulondoloza amanzi, njengoba lezi zindawo ngokuvamile ziba nomoya omncane kunolwandle oluvulekile.

Ilanga elintantayo liyindlela yokukhiqiza amandla evumelana nemvelo ehlanganisa ubuchwepheshe basolwandle namandla avuselelekayo. Ugesi okhiqizwa yilezi zinhlaka ezintantayo udluliswa ngezintambo ezingaphansi kwamanzi uye emibhoshongweni yokudlulisa amandla ekhethiwe.

Izingxenye Ezibalulekile Zohlelo Lwelanga Elintantayo

Ngokufanayo nalawo asetshenziswa kumasistimu abekwe phansi noma ophahleni, lawa maphaneli abamba ukukhanya kwelanga futhi akuguqule abe ugesi. Amaphaneli asebenza kahle kakhulu angasetshenziswa ukuze kukhuliswe ukuphuma kwamandla endaweni elinganiselwe.

Amapulatifomu antantayo ngokuvamile enziwe ngezinto eziqinile, eziphakeme kakhulu ezifana ne-HDPE (i-polyethylene ephezulu) ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ama-solar panel ahlala entanta. Amafreyimu e-aluminium angase angezwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza futhi anikeze isakhiwo esiqinile sokufakwa kwamaphaneli elanga.

Isistimu yokubambelela ihange ibambe ngokuvikelekile ipulatifomu entantayo endaweni, ivimbele ukuthi ingakhukhuleki ngenxa yomoya noma imisinga yamanzi. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuzinza kanye nokuma okunembile kwe-solar array. Izintambo okusetshenzwa kulengwa kuzo zingenziwa ngemicu yokwenziwa, izintambo zensimbi, noma amaketango, kuye ngokujula nemvelo yomzimba wamanzi.

Ugesi we-DC (wamanje oqondile) okhiqizwa amaphaneli elanga udinga ukuguqulwa ube yi-AC (alternating current) ukuze usetshenziswe ezinhlelweni zikagesi. I-inverter yenza lokhu kuguqulwa okubalulekile, iqinisekisa ukuphuma kwamandla okuthuthukisiwe ukuze kusetshenziswe igridi noma izinsiza ezisendaweni.

Izintambo ezikhethekile ezingangeni manzi nezixhumi ezihlala isikhathi eside zisetshenziselwa ukuphatha ukuxhumana kukagesi ngaphakathi kwesistimu. Lezi zintambo zixhumanisa amaphaneli elanga ndawonye futhi zidlulisele ugesi okhiqiziwe endaweni yokuxhuma i-inverter kanye negridi emhlabeni, okuqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwamandla okuphephile nokusebenza kahle.

Izinzuzo Floating Solar

Ilanga elintantayo lisebenzisa indawo enhle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho umhlaba uyindlala noma ubiza kakhulu. Amasistimu antantayo angafakwa emanzini angasetshenziswa kancane njengamadamu, amadamu, namachibi, okunciphisa isidingo sokuphinda kusetshenziswe umhlaba noma ukusula indawo yemvelo yezitshalo zamandla elanga. Lokhu kuyinzuzo enkulu ngoba kuvumela ukuphehlwa kukagesi ngaphandle kokuthatha umhlaba obalulekile, ongasetshenziselwa ezinye izinjongo.

Ubudlelwano be-symbiotic phakathi kwamanzi namaphaneli elanga kusiza ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwelanga. Umthelela wokupholisa wemvelo wamanzi usiza ukugcina amaphaneli elanga emazingeni okushisa aphansi okusebenza, okunciphisa izinkinga zokushisa ngokweqile. Lokhu kulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa kungakhuphula ukusebenza kahle kwamaphaneli elanga kuze kufike ku-15%, okuholela ekuphumeni kwamandla aphezulu kanye nembuyiselo engcono ekutshalweni kwezimali.

Imizimba yamanzi inezinto ezivezwayo zemvelo, ezithuthukisa umphumela we-albedo futhi zikhulise ukusebenza kahle kwamaphaneli elanga antantayo. Ukukhanya kwelanga okuvela emanzini kwengeza ama-photon engeziwe kuma-solar panel, okwandisa inani lokukhanya okungashintshwa kube ugesi. Lokhu kusebenzisana okuzuzisayo kukhulisa ukukhishwa kwamandla okuphelele, okwenza ilanga elintantayo libe yisixazululo esikhangayo sokuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga.

Amaphaneli elanga antantayo asiza ukunciphisa ukuhwamuka kwamanzi, okugcina imithombo yamanzi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezithandwa isomiso kanye nezindawo ezomile, lapho umphumela womthunzi wamaphaneli antantayo unganciphisa kakhulu ukulahleka kwamanzi. Ukwengeza, ngokuvimbela ukukhanya kwelanga, izinhlelo ezintantayo zisiza ukulawula ukukhula kolwelwe oluyingozi, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yamanzi.

Uma kuqhathaniswa namasistimu elanga abekwe phansi, amasistimu elanga antantayo avame ukubiza kakhulu. Njengoba singekho isidingo sokuthenga umhlaba noma ukulungisa iziza ezinkulu, lezi zinhlelo zingakwazi ukonga ukuzifaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasistimu elanga antantayo eduze kwezitshalo eziphehla ugesi ngamanzi noma izindawo zokuhlanza amanzi angonga ezindlekweni zengqalasizinda yokuhlanganisa kanye nokudlulisa.

Ucwaningo lokuqala luphakamisa ukuthi amasistimu elanga antantayo anomthelela omncane empilweni yasemanzini uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izakhiwo ezisekelwe emanzini noma ezingaphansi kwamanzi. Ukuklanywa nokuma kwamaphaneli elanga antantayo kuqinisekisa ukuphazamiseka okuncane ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini, okukhuthaza ukuphilisana okuhle nemvelo yasemanzini.

Ungaqala ngesistimu yelanga entantayo encane futhi uyinwebe njengoba kudingeka. Imvelo ye-modular yamapulatifomu antantayo yenza kube lula ukulungisa nokukala isistimu ukuze ilingane nosayizi abahlukene besayithi nokulungiselelwa.

Ububi beSolar Floating

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo zendabuko ezigibele phansi, amasistimu elanga antantayo, kanye nezinkundla zawo, amahange, namakhebuli, ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi anezindleko eziphezulu zangaphambili. Kodwa-ke, okunye ukuhlaziya izindleko kuphakamisa ukuthi uma ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle kufakwe phakathi, izindleko eziphelele phakathi nesikhathi sonke sokuphila kwesistimu zingaqhathaniswa noma zibe phezulu kancane kunamasistimu asekelwe phansi.

I-solar entantayo ibisebenza kumaphrojekthi wokuhlola iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi, ekhombisa ukusebenza okuthembekile. Nokho, ukuqina kwayo kwesikhathi eside akuqinisekisiwe ngokugcwele. Kudingeka idatha eyengeziwe ukuze kuqondwe ukuthi lezi zinhlelo zibambelela kanjani emashumini eminyaka ambalwa wokuchayeka, kucatshangelwa izici ezifana nokuguga okuhlobene nesimo sezulu, ukuwohloka kokusebenza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, nomthelela wokunakekela okuqhubekayo.

Lobu buchwepheshe abusebenzi emhlabeni wonke. Amaphrojekthi amaningi elanga antantayo mikhulu futhi aklanyelwe ukuhlinzeka amandla ezinkampanini zezentengiselwano noma zezinsiza. Kubantu ngabanye noma izinhlangano ezincane ezidinga amandla elanga, amasistimu ophahleni noma abekwe phansi ngokuvamile ayinketho esebenziseka kakhudlwana.

Njengamanje, izitshalo eziningi zelanga ezintantayo zitholakala ezindaweni zamanzi zokwenziwa, okuhlanganisa namadamu, amachibi okugcina amanzi angcolile, namachibi okunisela ngenkasa ezolimo. Lezi zinsiza zingatholakala nasezindaweni zokumbiwa kwezimayini, emadamini nasezifundeni ezisogwini. Nakuba izindikimba zamanzi zemvelo zinikeza amathuba okuthuthukiswa kwelanga, amachibi okwenziwa anezinzuzo eziyingqayizivele. Lawa madamu ngokuvamile afika nengqalasizinda evele ikhona kanye nezindlela, okwenza ukufakwa nokunakekelwa kwamasistimu elanga antantayo kube lula futhi kungabizi kakhulu.

Amasistimu Antantayo Asetshenziswe Ezindaweni Zasolwandle

Izicelo zelanga ezintantayo ziguqukela ngokwemvelo ezindaweni zasolwandle. Iningi lamadolobha amakhulu emhlabeni akhiwe eduze nogu futhi njengamanje abhekene nokwanda okunamandla kwenani labantu, ukusweleka komhlaba, kanye nezinselelo zokuhlangabezana nezidingo ezikhulayo zamandla. Lokhu kuholele ekwandeni kwentshisekelo ezicelweni zasolwandle zamasistimu e-photovoltaic ezintantayo (FPV).

Ubuchwepheshe obufanele izindawo zamanzi ahlanzekile abusebenzi ngokuqondile kuzilungiselelo zasolwandle, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukugxila ekuthuthukiseni izixazululo ezenzelwe lezi zindawo. Obunye bobuchwepheshe obubalulekile obudingekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe izinhlelo ezintantayo ezimweni zasolwandle ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziyinhlanganisela ukuze zimelane nomoya, amagagasi, amandla olwandle, namagagasi abangelwa umkhumbi. Njengamanje, amasistimu elanga antantayo ngokuvamile asebenzisa amaphontoni ane-high-density polyethylene (HDPE), alungele amachibi amanzi ahlanzekile futhi avimbele ukungcoliswa kwamanzi okuphuza. Nokho, emanzini olwandle, izinto ezisetshenziswayo kufanele futhi zicabangele umthelela wamanzi anosawoti ekuqineni kwesikhathi eside.

Ubuchwepheshe Obubalulekile Bezinhlelo Ezintantayo zasogwini

Kuye ngesifunda, ubude begagasi bungase buhluke, futhi ukuphuka kwamagagasi kungabangela isakhiwo ukuthi sithwale imithwalo eyeqile, kukhuphule izindleko zezinto zokwakha, amafreyimu ensimbi, namakhebuli okunamathisela, kanye nezindleko zokusebenza eziphezulu. Njengoba kuboniswe kumdwebo, ngokusekelwe ezilinganisweni ze-hydrodynamic, amagagasi angamamitha angu-0.3 ukuphakama, kanye namaza olwandle nesivinini somoya, angasebenzisa amandla omthelela acishe abe ngu-14 kN2/Hz ezinhlelweni ezintantayo.

I-JM Solar Yethula Iphrojekthi Yesistimu Yokuntanta E-Offshore

Ilanga elintantayo libheke ekukhipheni amasistimu e-photovoltaic antantayo (FPV) ezindaweni zasolwandle. Njengamanje, i-JM Solar, ngokubambisana ne-China Shipbuilding Group's 725 Institute, iqhubekisela phambili i-"Offshore Floating Photovoltaic Application Demonstration Project," engenele ukuhlolwa komshayeli wasolwandle. Okuhlangenwe nakho okuvela kumaphrojekthi welanga antantayo phakathi nezwe kunikeza indlela yokukhuphuka nokudlulela eduze nezimo eziseduze nogu nasogwini. Ngakho-ke, ukucwaninga amandla obuchwepheshe nezinselele zokuklama amasistimu antantayo ezindawo zasolwandle kubalulekile, njengoba izinhlelo ze-FPV zihlolwa ekuqaleni ezindaweni eziseduze nogu.